Tiap foto digital (sebelum modifikasi) membawa informasi teknis tentang proses pembuatan fotonya. Informasi tersebut antara lain tanggal foto tersebut dibuat, tipe kamera yang digunakan, kecepatan rana (shutter speed, aperture, kepekaan sensor (ISO), focal length lensa yang dipakai, ukuran file, dsb. Banyak juga kamera yang sudah memiliki kemampuan untuk menambahkan informasi nama pemilik kamera, copyright, atau bahkan koordinat lokasi foto tersebut diabadikan. Informasi teknis inilah yang kadang disebut sebagai metadata foto. Ada juga yang menyebutnya sebagai Exif Data.
Windows & Mac OSX sudah dilengkapi dengan fitur untuk membaca Exif data foto digital. Untuk menampilkan data Exif di Windows caranya sangat mudah, pada Windows Explorer cukup klik kanan pada foto yang ingin dilihat lalu klik Properties. Misalnya seperti pada contoh di bawah ini :
Contoh di atas diambil dari Windows 7, pada jendela Properties klik pada tab Details untuk melihat data Exif foto tersebut :
Sementara di Mac OSX Finder, caranya dengan klik kanan pada fotonya lalu klik Get Info. Caranya tadi bisa juga diganti dengan kombinasi tombol ⌘i .
Mac akan menampilkan jendela baru seperti tampilan di bawah ini :
Informasi Exif foto tersebut ada di bagian More Info. Sayangnya informasi yang muncul cukup terbatas. Alternatifnya kita juga bisa melihat informasi Exif foto dari aplikasi Preview. Bila kita sedang membuka foto menggunakan Mac Preview, kita bisa menggunakan kombinasi tombol yang sama (⌘i). Tampilan jendela yang muncul seperti di bawah ini :
Di Linux saya biasanya menggunakan perintah exiftool
dari Terminal untuk membaca Exif data. Di Ubuntu Linux perintah exiftool
ini tersedia dalam paket libimage-exiftool-perl
. Cara pemakaiannya cukup mudah tinggal ketikkan exiftool
lalu ikuti dengan nama file fotonya, misalnya seperti contoh di bawah ini :
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ uname -a Linux gbt733 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:32:08 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ exiftool DSCF0068.JPG ExifTool Version Number : 8.60 File Name : DSCF0068.JPG Directory : . File Size : 1373 kB File Modification Date/Time : 2014:01:19 21:09:32+07:00 File Permissions : rwxrwxr-x File Type : JPEG MIME Type : image/jpeg JFIF Version : 1.01 Profile CMM Type : Lino Profile Version : 2.1.0 Profile Class : Display Device Profile Color Space Data : RGB Profile Connection Space : XYZ Profile Date Time : 1998:02:09 06:49:00 Profile File Signature : acsp Primary Platform : Microsoft Corporation CMM Flags : Not Embedded, Independent Device Manufacturer : IEC Device Model : sRGB Device Attributes : Reflective, Glossy, Positive, Color Rendering Intent : Perceptual Connection Space Illuminant : 0.9642 1 0.82491 Profile Creator : HP Profile ID : 0 Profile Copyright : Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company Profile Description : sRGB IEC61966-2.1 Media White Point : 0.95045 1 1.08905 Media Black Point : 0 0 0 Red Matrix Column : 0.43607 0.22249 0.01392 Green Matrix Column : 0.38515 0.71687 0.09708 Blue Matrix Column : 0.14307 0.06061 0.7141 Device Mfg Desc : IEC http://www.iec.ch Device Model Desc : IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB Viewing Cond Desc : Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1 Viewing Cond Illuminant : 19.6445 20.3718 16.8089 Viewing Cond Surround : 3.92889 4.07439 3.36179 Viewing Cond Illuminant Type : D50 Luminance : 76.03647 80 87.12462 Measurement Observer : CIE 1931 Measurement Backing : 0 0 0 Measurement Geometry : Unknown (0) Measurement Flare : 0.999% Measurement Illuminant : D65 Technology : Cathode Ray Tube Display Red Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract) Green Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract) Blue Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract) Exif Byte Order : Big-endian (Motorola, MM) Make : FUJIFILM Camera Model Name : X100S Orientation : Horizontal (normal) X Resolution : 72 Y Resolution : 72 Resolution Unit : inches Software : Digital Camera X100S Ver1.03 Modify Date : 2014:01:18 00:23:40 Copyright : Exposure Time : 1/40 F Number : 2.0 Exposure Program : Aperture-priority AE ISO : 1250 Sensitivity Type : Standard Output Sensitivity Exif Version : 0230 Date/Time Original : 2014:01:18 00:23:40 Create Date : 2014:01:18 00:23:40 Components Configuration : Y, Cb, Cr, - Compressed Bits Per Pixel : 3.2 Shutter Speed Value : 1/39 Aperture Value : 2.0 Brightness Value : -1.83 Exposure Compensation : -0.33 Max Aperture Value : 2.0 Metering Mode : Multi-segment Light Source : Unknown Flash : Off, Did not fire Focal Length : 23.0 mm Flashpix Version : 0100 Color Space : sRGB Exif Image Width : 2104 Exif Image Height : 2104 Focal Plane X Resolution : 2092 Focal Plane Y Resolution : 2092 Focal Plane Resolution Unit : cm Sensing Method : One-chip color area File Source : Digital Camera Custom Rendered : Normal Exposure Mode : Auto White Balance : Auto Scene Capture Type : Standard Sharpness : Normal Subject Distance Range : Unknown XMP Toolkit : XMP Core 5.4.0 Creator Tool : Digital Camera X100S Ver1.03 Date Created : 2014:01:18 00:23:40 Rights : Image Width : 2104 Image Height : 2104 Encoding Process : Baseline DCT, Huffman coding Bits Per Sample : 8 Color Components : 3 Y Cb Cr Sub Sampling : YCbCr4:2:2 (2 1) Aperture : 2.0 Image Size : 2104x2104 Scale Factor To 35 mm Equivalent: 3.0 Shutter Speed : 1/40 Circle Of Confusion : 0.010 mm Field Of View : 28.9 deg Focal Length : 23.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 70.0 mm) Hyperfocal Distance : 26.78 m Light Value : 3.7 ttirtawi@gbt733:~$
Aplikasi exiftool
ini tersedia juga di Mac OSX, saya install exiftool
di Mac melalui MacPorts. Saat ini yang tersedia di MacPorts adalah exiftool-5.16
, nama paketnya adalah p5.16-image-exiftool
. Ini contoh tampilan output exiftool
di Mac OSX :
ttirtawi@macmini:oV5HwAWxTKubQFBq8dc7kw$ exiftool-5.16 DSC_1627.JPG ExifTool Version Number : 9.06 File Name : DSC_1627.JPG Directory : . File Size : 1802 kB File Modification Date/Time : 2013:12:15 18:10:57+07:00 File Access Date/Time : 2014:01:17 16:54:28+07:00 File Permissions : rw-r--r-- File Type : JPEG MIME Type : image/jpeg JFIF Version : 1.01 Current IPTC Digest : 5c2c0a36d65e204752971ce03e17cae2 Coded Character Set : UTF8 Application Record Version : 2 Special Instructions : oV5HwAWxTKubQFBq8dc7kw IPTC Digest : 5c2c0a36d65e204752971ce03e17cae2 Profile CMM Type : Lino Profile Version : 2.1.0 Profile Class : Display Device Profile Color Space Data : RGB Profile Connection Space : XYZ Profile Date Time : 1998:02:09 06:49:00 Profile File Signature : acsp Primary Platform : Microsoft Corporation CMM Flags : Not Embedded, Independent Device Manufacturer : IEC Device Model : sRGB Device Attributes : Reflective, Glossy, Positive, Color Rendering Intent : Perceptual Connection Space Illuminant : 0.9642 1 0.82491 Profile Creator : HP Profile ID : 0 Profile Copyright : Copyright (c) 1998 Hewlett-Packard Company Profile Description : sRGB IEC61966-2.1 Media White Point : 0.95045 1 1.08905 Media Black Point : 0 0 0 Red Matrix Column : 0.43607 0.22249 0.01392 Green Matrix Column : 0.38515 0.71687 0.09708 Blue Matrix Column : 0.14307 0.06061 0.7141 Device Mfg Desc : IEC http://www.iec.ch Device Model Desc : IEC 61966-2.1 Default RGB colour space - sRGB Viewing Cond Desc : Reference Viewing Condition in IEC61966-2.1 Viewing Cond Illuminant : 19.6445 20.3718 16.8089 Viewing Cond Surround : 3.92889 4.07439 3.36179 Viewing Cond Illuminant Type : D50 Luminance : 76.03647 80 87.12462 Measurement Observer : CIE 1931 Measurement Backing : 0 0 0 Measurement Geometry : Unknown (0) Measurement Flare : 0.999% Measurement Illuminant : D65 Technology : Cathode Ray Tube Display Red Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract) Green Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract) Blue Tone Reproduction Curve : (Binary data 2060 bytes, use -b option to extract) Exif Byte Order : Big-endian (Motorola, MM) Make : NIKON CORPORATION Camera Model Name : NIKON D7000 Orientation : Horizontal (normal) X Resolution : 300 Y Resolution : 300 Resolution Unit : inches Software : iPhoto 9.5.1 Modify Date : 2013:12:14 22:41:46 Artist : TEDY TIRTAWIDJAJA Copyright : https://blog.tedytirta.info Exposure Time : 1/160 F Number : 7.1 Exposure Program : Manual ISO : 250 Sensitivity Type : Recommended Exposure Index Exif Version : 0230 Date/Time Original : 2013:12:14 22:41:46 Create Date : 2013:12:14 22:41:46 Components Configuration : Y, Cb, Cr, - Compressed Bits Per Pixel : 4 Exposure Compensation : 0 Max Aperture Value : 1.7 Metering Mode : Multi-segment Light Source : Unknown Flash : On, Return detected Focal Length : 35.0 mm User Comment : Sub Sec Time : 10 Sub Sec Time Original : 10 Sub Sec Time Digitized : 10 Flashpix Version : 0100 Color Space : sRGB Exif Image Width : 4916 Exif Image Height : 1550 Sensing Method : One-chip color area File Source : Digital Camera Custom Rendered : Normal Exposure Mode : Manual White Balance : Auto Digital Zoom Ratio : 1 Focal Length In 35mm Format : 52 mm Scene Capture Type : Standard Gain Control : None Contrast : Normal Saturation : Normal Sharpness : Normal Subject Distance Range : Unknown XMP Toolkit : XMP Core 5.4.0 Lens Info : 35mm f/1.8 Image Number : 3698 Lens : AF-S DX Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G Flash Compensation : 0 Serial Number : 8187760 Creator : TEDY TIRTAWIDJAJA Rights : https://blog.tedytirta.info Instructions : oV5HwAWxTKubQFBq8dc7kw Date Created : 2013:12:14 22:41:46 Creator Tool : iPhoto 9.5.1 Image Width : 4916 Image Height : 1550 Encoding Process : Baseline DCT, Huffman coding Bits Per Sample : 8 Color Components : 3 Y Cb Cr Sub Sampling : YCbCr4:2:0 (2 2) Aperture : 7.1 Image Size : 4916x1550 Scale Factor To 35 mm Equivalent: 1.5 Shutter Speed : 1/160 Create Date : 2013:12:14 22:41:46.10 Date/Time Original : 2013:12:14 22:41:46.10 Modify Date : 2013:12:14 22:41:46.10 Circle Of Confusion : 0.020 mm Field Of View : 38.2 deg Focal Length : 35.0 mm (35 mm equivalent: 52.0 mm) Hyperfocal Distance : 8.53 m Lens ID : Unknown (-2147483648) 35mm Light Value : 11.7 ttirtawi@macmini:oV5HwAWxTKubQFBq8dc7kw$