Di lingkungan sistem operasi Unix, aplikasi (software) dikenal sebagai package (paket). Masing-masing varian Unix punya cara sendiri-sendiri untuk menampilkan daftar paket yang terinstal. Artikel ini saya tulis sebagai catatan untuk mengingat-ingat aneka macam cara menampilkan daftar paket di beberapa varian Unix.
Di Solaris 10 misalnya saya ingin melihat paket Wireshark saya menggunakan perintah pkginfo
. Karena di Solaris 10 penamaan paket cukup unik, saya perlu melihat dulu apa nama paket yang terdaftar.
root@fda05:/# cat /etc/release
Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 s10s_u10wos_17b SPARC
Copyright (c) 1983, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Assembled 23 August 2011
root@fda05:/#
root@fda05:/# pkginfo | grep -i wireshark
application SMCwires wireshark
root@fda05:/#
Dari hasil pkginfo
di atas, saya bisa lihat bahwa nama paket Wireshark adalah SMCwires
. Lalu saya bisa cari detil informasi tentang paket SMCwires
menggunakan perintah yang sama seperti berikut ini :
root@fda05:/# pkginfo -l SMCwires
PKGINST: SMCwires
NAME: wireshark
CATEGORY: application
ARCH: sparc
VERSION: 1.6.8
BASEDIR: /usr/local
VENDOR: Gerald Combs et al
PSTAMP: Steve Christensen
INSTDATE: Jul 30 2012 03:08
EMAIL: steve@smc.vnet.net
STATUS: completely installed
FILES: 518 installed pathnames
7 shared pathnames
33 directories
134 executables
266776 blocks used (approx)
root@fda05:/#
Dengan menggunakan opsi -l
saya bisa lihat versi paket yang terinstal, lokasi instalasi, dsb. Meskipun saya tahu lokasi paket tersebut ada di /usr/local
, saya masih belum tahu file apa saja yang dimiliki oleh paket SMCwires
. Untuk memeriksa file apa saja yang dimiliki oleh paket tersebut saya bisa menggunakan perintah pkgchk
seperti berikut ini :
root@fda05:/# pkgchk -v SMCwires
/usr/local/bin
/usr/local/bin/capinfos
/usr/local/bin/dftest
/usr/local/bin/dumpcap
/usr/local/bin/editcap
/usr/local/bin/idl2wrs
/usr/local/bin/mergecap
/usr/local/bin/randpkt
/usr/local/bin/rawshark
/usr/local/bin/text2pcap
/usr/local/bin/tshark
/usr/local/bin/wireshark
/usr/local/doc
/usr/local/doc/wireshark
...
...
...
/usr/local/share/wireshark/tpncp
/usr/local/share/wireshark/tpncp/tpncp.dat
/usr/local/share/wireshark/tshark.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.dtd
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.xml
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark-filter.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/ws.css
root@fda05:/#
Hasil perintah pkgchk
tadi cukup panjang sehingga saya hanya tampilkan bagian awal & akhirnya saja.
Solaris 11 menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeda untuk menginvetarisir paket-paketnya. Kita perlu menggunakan perintah pkg list
untuk melihat daftar paket yang terinstal di mesin Solaris 11. Misalnya seperti contoh berikut ini :
root@host02:/# cat /etc/release
Oracle Solaris 11.1 SPARC
Copyright (c) 1983, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Assembled 19 September 2012
root@host02:/#
root@host02:/# pkg list | grep wireshark
diagnostic/wireshark 1.8.9-0.175.1.11.0.4.0 i--
diagnostic/wireshark/tshark 1.8.9-0.175.1.11.0.4.0 i--
diagnostic/wireshark/wireshark-common 1.8.9-0.175.1.11.0.4.0 i--
root@host02:/#
Kalau di Solaris 10 kita menggunakan pkginfo
di Solaris 11 kita menggunakan perintah pkg info
(dengan spasi) untuk menampilkan detil informasi tentang suatu paket.
root@host02:/# pkg info wireshark
Name: diagnostic/wireshark
Summary: Graphical network protocol analyzer
Category: Applications/Internet
State: Installed
Publisher: solaris
Version: 1.8.9
Build Release: 5.11
Branch: 0.175.1.11.0.4.0
Packaging Date: Thu Sep 05 15:59:08 2013
Size: 2.86 MB
FMRI: pkg://solaris/diagnostic/wireshark@1.8.9,5.11-0.175.1.11.0.4.0:20130905T155908Z
root@host02:/#
Untuk melihat semua file yang dimiliki oleh Wireshark, Solaris 11 menyediakan perintah pkg contents
seperti contoh di bawah ini :
root@host02:/# pkg contents wireshark
PATH
usr
usr/sbin
usr/sbin/wireshark
usr/share
usr/share/applications
usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop
usr/share/man
usr/share/man/man1
usr/share/man/man1/wireshark.1
usr/share/pixmaps
usr/share/pixmaps/wireshark.png
root@host02:/#
FreeBSD menggunakan perintah yang mirip dengan Solaris 11 untuk menampilkan informasi tentang suatu paket :
root@testbsd:~ # uname -a
FreeBSD testbsd 9.2-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE #0 r255898: Thu Sep 26 22:50:31 UTC 2013 root@bake.isc.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64
root@testbsd:~ #
root@testbsd:~ # pkg_info | grep wireshark
wireshark-1.10.1 Powerful network analyzer/capture tool
root@testbsd:~ # pkg_info -L wireshark-1.10.1
Information for wireshark-1.10.1:
Files:
/usr/local/man/man1/capinfos.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/editcap.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/mergecap.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/rawshark.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/text2pcap.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/dftest.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/randpkt.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/reordercap.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/wireshark.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/dumpcap.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man1/tshark.1.gz
/usr/local/man/man4/wireshark-filter.4.gz
/usr/local/bin/capinfos
/usr/local/bin/dftest
/usr/local/bin/dumpcap
/usr/local/bin/editcap
/usr/local/bin/wireshark
/usr/local/bin/mergecap
/usr/local/bin/randpkt
/usr/local/bin/rawshark
/usr/local/bin/reordercap
/usr/local/bin/tshark
/usr/local/bin/text2pcap
...
...
...
/usr/local/share/wireshark/tshark.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/text2pcap.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/tpncp/tpncp.dat
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.dtd
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.xml
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark-filter.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark.html
/usr/local/share/wireshark/ws.css
/usr/local/share/applications/wireshark.desktop
root@testbsd:~ #
Sementara di Ubuntu Linux (atau Debian) kita bisa menggunakan perintah dpkg -l
untuk menampilkan semua paket yang terinstal.
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 12.10
Release: 12.10
Codename: quantal
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ dpkg -l | grep wireshark
ii libwireshark-data 1.8.2-2 all network packet dissection library -- data files
ii libwireshark2 1.8.2-2 i386 network packet dissection library -- shared library
ii wireshark 1.8.2-2 i386 network traffic analyzer - GTK+ version
ii wireshark-common 1.8.2-2 i386 network traffic analyzer - common files
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$
Informasi semua file yang dimiliki suatu paket dapat diperoleh dengan menjalankan perintah dpkg -L
seperti contoh di bawah ini :
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ dpkg -L wireshark
/.
/usr
/usr/share
/usr/share/applications
/usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop
/usr/share/man
/usr/share/man/man1
/usr/share/man/man1/wireshark.1.gz
/usr/share/doc
/usr/share/doc/wireshark
/usr/share/doc/wireshark/copyright
/usr/share/pixmaps
/usr/share/pixmaps/wsicon32.xpm
/usr/share/icons
/usr/share/icons/hicolor
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/wireshark.svg
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps
/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/wireshark.png
/usr/share/menu
/usr/share/menu/wireshark
/usr/bin
/usr/bin/wireshark
/usr/share/doc/wireshark/README.Debian
/usr/share/doc/wireshark/changelog.Debian.gz
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$
Fedora Linux atau distro berbasis Red Hat umumnya menggunakan perintah rpm
untuk segala hal yang berkaitan dengan paket-paket aplikasinya. Misalnya pada contoh di bawah ini, di Fedora 16 saya bisa menggunakan perintah rpm -qa
untuk menampilkan semua paket yang terintal :
ttirtawi@appliance:~$ lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: Generic
Description: Generic release 16 (Generic)
Release: 16
Codename: Generic
ttirtawi@appliance:~$
ttirtawi@appliance:~$ rpm -qa | grep -i wireshark
wireshark-1.6.10-1.fc16.i686
ttirtawi@appliance:~$
Sama seperti contoh-contoh sebelumnya, untuk menampilkan informasi tentang semua file yang dimiliki oleh Wireshark saya bisa menggunakan perintah rpm -ql
seperti ditunjukkan pada contoh di bawah ini :
ttirtawi@appliance:~$ rpm -ql wireshark
...
...
...
/usr/sbin/capinfos
/usr/sbin/dftest
/usr/sbin/dumpcap
/usr/sbin/editcap
/usr/sbin/mergecap
/usr/sbin/randpkt
/usr/sbin/rawshark
/usr/sbin/text2pcap
/usr/sbin/tshark
...
...
...
...
/usr/share/wireshark/rawshark.html
/usr/share/wireshark/services
/usr/share/wireshark/smi_modules
/usr/share/wireshark/text2pcap.html
/usr/share/wireshark/tpncp
/usr/share/wireshark/tpncp/tpncp.dat
/usr/share/wireshark/tshark.html
/usr/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp
/usr/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.dtd
/usr/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.xml
/usr/share/wireshark/wireshark-filter.html
/usr/share/wireshark/wireshark.html
/usr/share/wireshark/ws.css
ttirtawi@appliance:~$ rpm -qa | grep -i wireshark
wireshark-1.6.10-1.fc16.i686
ttirtawi@appliance:~$