Di lingkungan sistem operasi Unix, aplikasi (software) dikenal sebagai package (paket). Masing-masing varian Unix punya cara sendiri-sendiri untuk menampilkan daftar paket yang terinstal. Artikel ini saya tulis sebagai catatan untuk mengingat-ingat aneka macam cara menampilkan daftar paket di beberapa varian Unix.
Di Solaris 10 misalnya saya ingin melihat paket Wireshark saya menggunakan perintah pkginfo. Karena di Solaris 10 penamaan paket cukup unik, saya perlu melihat dulu apa nama paket yang terdaftar.
root@fda05:/# cat /etc/release
Oracle Solaris 10 8/11 s10s_u10wos_17b SPARC
Copyright (c) 1983, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Assembled 23 August 2011
root@fda05:/#
root@fda05:/# pkginfo | grep -i wireshark
application SMCwires wireshark
root@fda05:/#
Dari hasil pkginfo di atas, saya bisa lihat bahwa nama paket Wireshark adalah SMCwires. Lalu saya bisa cari detil informasi tentang paket SMCwires menggunakan perintah yang sama seperti berikut ini :
root@fda05:/# pkginfo -l SMCwires
PKGINST: SMCwires
NAME: wireshark
CATEGORY: application
ARCH: sparc
VERSION: 1.6.8
BASEDIR: /usr/local
VENDOR: Gerald Combs et al
PSTAMP: Steve Christensen
INSTDATE: Jul 30 2012 03:08
EMAIL: steve@smc.vnet.net
STATUS: completely installed
FILES: 518 installed pathnames
7 shared pathnames
33 directories
134 executables
266776 blocks used (approx)
root@fda05:/#
Dengan menggunakan opsi -l saya bisa lihat versi paket yang terinstal, lokasi instalasi, dsb. Meskipun saya tahu lokasi paket tersebut ada di /usr/local, saya masih belum tahu file apa saja yang dimiliki oleh paket SMCwires. Untuk memeriksa file apa saja yang dimiliki oleh paket tersebut saya bisa menggunakan perintah pkgchk seperti berikut ini :
root@fda05:/# pkgchk -v SMCwires /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin/capinfos /usr/local/bin/dftest /usr/local/bin/dumpcap /usr/local/bin/editcap /usr/local/bin/idl2wrs /usr/local/bin/mergecap /usr/local/bin/randpkt /usr/local/bin/rawshark /usr/local/bin/text2pcap /usr/local/bin/tshark /usr/local/bin/wireshark /usr/local/doc /usr/local/doc/wireshark ... ... ... /usr/local/share/wireshark/tpncp /usr/local/share/wireshark/tpncp/tpncp.dat /usr/local/share/wireshark/tshark.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp /usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.dtd /usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.xml /usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark-filter.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/ws.css root@fda05:/#
Hasil perintah pkgchk tadi cukup panjang sehingga saya hanya tampilkan bagian awal & akhirnya saja.
Solaris 11 menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeda untuk menginvetarisir paket-paketnya. Kita perlu menggunakan perintah pkg list untuk melihat daftar paket yang terinstal di mesin Solaris 11. Misalnya seperti contoh berikut ini :
root@host02:/# cat /etc/release
Oracle Solaris 11.1 SPARC
Copyright (c) 1983, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Assembled 19 September 2012
root@host02:/#
root@host02:/# pkg list | grep wireshark
diagnostic/wireshark 1.8.9-0.175.1.11.0.4.0 i--
diagnostic/wireshark/tshark 1.8.9-0.175.1.11.0.4.0 i--
diagnostic/wireshark/wireshark-common 1.8.9-0.175.1.11.0.4.0 i--
root@host02:/#
Kalau di Solaris 10 kita menggunakan pkginfo di Solaris 11 kita menggunakan perintah pkg info (dengan spasi) untuk menampilkan detil informasi tentang suatu paket.
root@host02:/# pkg info wireshark
Name: diagnostic/wireshark
Summary: Graphical network protocol analyzer
Category: Applications/Internet
State: Installed
Publisher: solaris
Version: 1.8.9
Build Release: 5.11
Branch: 0.175.1.11.0.4.0
Packaging Date: Thu Sep 05 15:59:08 2013
Size: 2.86 MB
FMRI: pkg://solaris/diagnostic/wireshark@1.8.9,5.11-0.175.1.11.0.4.0:20130905T155908Z
root@host02:/#
Untuk melihat semua file yang dimiliki oleh Wireshark, Solaris 11 menyediakan perintah pkg contents seperti contoh di bawah ini :
root@host02:/# pkg contents wireshark PATH usr usr/sbin usr/sbin/wireshark usr/share usr/share/applications usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop usr/share/man usr/share/man/man1 usr/share/man/man1/wireshark.1 usr/share/pixmaps usr/share/pixmaps/wireshark.png root@host02:/#
FreeBSD menggunakan perintah yang mirip dengan Solaris 11 untuk menampilkan informasi tentang suatu paket :
root@testbsd:~ # uname -a FreeBSD testbsd 9.2-RELEASE FreeBSD 9.2-RELEASE #0 r255898: Thu Sep 26 22:50:31 UTC 2013 root@bake.isc.freebsd.org:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64 root@testbsd:~ # root@testbsd:~ # pkg_info | grep wireshark wireshark-1.10.1 Powerful network analyzer/capture tool root@testbsd:~ # pkg_info -L wireshark-1.10.1 Information for wireshark-1.10.1: Files: /usr/local/man/man1/capinfos.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/editcap.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/mergecap.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/rawshark.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/text2pcap.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/dftest.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/randpkt.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/reordercap.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/wireshark.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/dumpcap.1.gz /usr/local/man/man1/tshark.1.gz /usr/local/man/man4/wireshark-filter.4.gz /usr/local/bin/capinfos /usr/local/bin/dftest /usr/local/bin/dumpcap /usr/local/bin/editcap /usr/local/bin/wireshark /usr/local/bin/mergecap /usr/local/bin/randpkt /usr/local/bin/rawshark /usr/local/bin/reordercap /usr/local/bin/tshark /usr/local/bin/text2pcap ... ... ... /usr/local/share/wireshark/tshark.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/text2pcap.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/tpncp/tpncp.dat /usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.dtd /usr/local/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.xml /usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark-filter.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/wireshark.html /usr/local/share/wireshark/ws.css /usr/local/share/applications/wireshark.desktop root@testbsd:~ #
Sementara di Ubuntu Linux (atau Debian) kita bisa menggunakan perintah dpkg -l untuk menampilkan semua paket yang terinstal.
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.10 Release: 12.10 Codename: quantal ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ dpkg -l | grep wireshark ii libwireshark-data 1.8.2-2 all network packet dissection library -- data files ii libwireshark2 1.8.2-2 i386 network packet dissection library -- shared library ii wireshark 1.8.2-2 i386 network traffic analyzer - GTK+ version ii wireshark-common 1.8.2-2 i386 network traffic analyzer - common files ttirtawi@gbt733:~$
Informasi semua file yang dimiliki suatu paket dapat diperoleh dengan menjalankan perintah dpkg -L seperti contoh di bawah ini :
ttirtawi@gbt733:~$ dpkg -L wireshark /. /usr /usr/share /usr/share/applications /usr/share/applications/wireshark.desktop /usr/share/man /usr/share/man/man1 /usr/share/man/man1/wireshark.1.gz /usr/share/doc /usr/share/doc/wireshark /usr/share/doc/wireshark/copyright /usr/share/pixmaps /usr/share/pixmaps/wsicon32.xpm /usr/share/icons /usr/share/icons/hicolor /usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable /usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps /usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/wireshark.svg /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48 /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/wireshark.png /usr/share/menu /usr/share/menu/wireshark /usr/bin /usr/bin/wireshark /usr/share/doc/wireshark/README.Debian /usr/share/doc/wireshark/changelog.Debian.gz ttirtawi@gbt733:~$
Fedora Linux atau distro berbasis Red Hat umumnya menggunakan perintah rpm untuk segala hal yang berkaitan dengan paket-paket aplikasinya. Misalnya pada contoh di bawah ini, di Fedora 16 saya bisa menggunakan perintah rpm -qa untuk menampilkan semua paket yang terintal :
ttirtawi@appliance:~$ lsb_release -a LSB Version: :core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: Generic Description: Generic release 16 (Generic) Release: 16 Codename: Generic ttirtawi@appliance:~$ ttirtawi@appliance:~$ rpm -qa | grep -i wireshark wireshark-1.6.10-1.fc16.i686 ttirtawi@appliance:~$
Sama seperti contoh-contoh sebelumnya, untuk menampilkan informasi tentang semua file yang dimiliki oleh Wireshark saya bisa menggunakan perintah rpm -ql seperti ditunjukkan pada contoh di bawah ini :
ttirtawi@appliance:~$ rpm -ql wireshark ... ... ... /usr/sbin/capinfos /usr/sbin/dftest /usr/sbin/dumpcap /usr/sbin/editcap /usr/sbin/mergecap /usr/sbin/randpkt /usr/sbin/rawshark /usr/sbin/text2pcap /usr/sbin/tshark ... ... ... ... /usr/share/wireshark/rawshark.html /usr/share/wireshark/services /usr/share/wireshark/smi_modules /usr/share/wireshark/text2pcap.html /usr/share/wireshark/tpncp /usr/share/wireshark/tpncp/tpncp.dat /usr/share/wireshark/tshark.html /usr/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp /usr/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.dtd /usr/share/wireshark/wimaxasncp/dictionary.xml /usr/share/wireshark/wireshark-filter.html /usr/share/wireshark/wireshark.html /usr/share/wireshark/ws.css ttirtawi@appliance:~$ rpm -qa | grep -i wireshark wireshark-1.6.10-1.fc16.i686 ttirtawi@appliance:~$