Category Archives: Unix

IP Calculator

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Quick post tonight after several days hibernation :D. In my Ubuntu (and other Linux environment), there is a tool named ipcalc that can used as IP address calculator. With this tool, I can easily know what the network address of an certain IP address. I can also know how many client can join into a range of IP address.

For example, I get IP address 10.34.31.34 with network mask 255.255.255.248, with ipcalc I know that the network address for IP 10.34.31.34 is 10.34.41.32. See the log below as appear on my desktop :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ ipcalc 10.34.31.34 255.255.255.248
Address:   10.34.31.34          00001010.00100010.00011111.00100 010
Netmask:   255.255.255.248 = 29 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111 000
Wildcard:  0.0.0.7              00000000.00000000.00000000.00000 111
=>
Network:   10.34.31.32/29       00001010.00100010.00011111.00100 000
HostMin:   10.34.31.33          00001010.00100010.00011111.00100 001
HostMax:   10.34.31.38          00001010.00100010.00011111.00100 110
Broadcast: 10.34.31.39          00001010.00100010.00011111.00100 111
Hosts/Net: 6                     Class A, Private Internet
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

Theoretically to find out what is the network address of any given IP address is simply by do Boolean operation AND between IP address and its netmask. So the step to calculate network address manually is like these :

  1. Convert the IP address & network mask into biner form. This should be long explanation how to convert IP address into biner form.
  2. Then perform Boolean operation : <IP Address> AND <Network Mask>,  just keep in mind that in the AND operation if 1 meet 0 then the result will be 0 (vice versa). Only if 1 meet by 1 then the result would be 1.

That’s it, I can explain it longer, Wikipedia explains t well here. I know the theory but I’m too lazy to do math operation like that :p I’m glad to found simple tool like ipcalc. It makes my life a little bit easier 😀

Teks Primbon

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Sejak mencoba belajar menjadi seorang Unix engineer di Fujitsu Indonesia Mei 2007 lalu, saya rutin mencatat semua ilmu, tips, dan tutorial tentang Unix. Saya tulis semuanya dalam sebuah dokumen Word. Semacam primbon kecil-kecilan lah, membantu saya mengingat semua hal tentang Unix yang sudah saya pelajari. Antisipasi suatu saat saya lupa. Tiap orang punya cara masing-masing untuk mencatat dan mendokumentasikan “primbonnya”. Teman saya Rizki di Fujitsu Indonesia, rajin sekali mencatat segala yang dia pelajari dalam sebuah buku. Hmm tulisan tangan saya tidak bagus, ditambah lagi saya malas mencatat; jadi saya pilih mengetiknya dalam sebuah file Word.

Saya catat segala hal mulai dari yang sederhana sampai yang saya anggap rumit. Misalnya saja cara membackup harddisk dengan perintah ufsdump. Atau bagaimana caranya mengkonfigurasi server/storage. Atau misalnya saya baru tahu tentang perintah Unix untuk memeriksa port-port yang terbuka, seperti yang terlihat pada gambar di bawah ini :

Saya pisah tiap topik dalam tiap halaman yang berbeda. Tiap catatan saya beri judul yang memudahkan saya bilamana nanti perlu mencarinya kembali. Tidak lupa saya cantumkan juga log yang berkaitan. Sampai hari ini catatan saya sudah mencapai 365 halaman.

Waktu saya mulai membuat catatan kecil ini saya masih menggunakan Microsoft Word. Ya maklum dulu di Fujitsu, notebook kantor diisi Windows XP. Awal tahun 2009 ini saya menggunakan Ubuntu di notebook kantor. Dengan menggunakan format *.doc sering timbul masalah ketika membuka catatan saya itu dengan Open Office Writer (atau sebaliknya). Font yang bisa berubah, margin yang bergeser, tabulasi yang berantakan, dan beberapa contoh masalah lainnya. Akhirnya setelah saya benahi semua catatan saya, saya simpan saja dalam format open document (*.odt). Format ini lebih enak dipakai, ukuran file-nya lebih kecil, dan bisa dibuka di semua word processor program yang sudah mendukung format open document.

Di kantor saya sekarang (eServGlobal Indonesia), rekan-rekan juga punya kebiasaan yang sama dengan saya. Mereka menyimpan catatan tentang ilmu-ilmunya, bedanya dengan saya adalah mereka mencatat dalam format plain text (*.txt). Hmm memang ada enaknya menyimpan catatan dalam format plain text. File-nya lebih cepat dibuka. Bekerja dengan komputer berbasis Linux membuat saya tidak bisa jauh dengan yang namanya Terminal/Console. Enaknya punya catatan dalam format teks, saya bisa buka catatan saya dengan menggunakan console (text based tentunya).

Saya cari-cari informasi ternyata ada juga aplikasi di Ubuntu yang dapat melakukan konversi file odt ke dalam file teks. Aplikasi itu bernama odt2txt. Ya sudah langsung saja saya pasang aplikasi itu. Cara pemakaiannya cukup mudah, tinggal tentukan nama output file yang diinginkan dan tentukan juga source dokumennya. Contohnya seperti di bawah ini :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ /usr/bin/odt2txt --output=/data/UNIX_text_version.txt /data/UNIX.odt

Dengan perintah di atas saya akan mendapat hasil sebuah file teks dengan nama UNIX_text_version.txt. Daripada harus mengulang mengetik perintah di atas berkali-kali, saya buat script kecil untuk mengotomatisasi proses konversi itu. Script-nya seperti berikut ini :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ cat bin/convert-odt
#!/bin/bash
#------------------------------------------------------------
# This script will convert UNIX.odt file into text file
#------------------------------------------------------------
echo "";
echo "---------------------------------------------------------";
echo "";
echo "Starting convert process at `date '+%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S'`";
/usr/bin/odt2txt --output=/data/UNIX_text_version.txt /data/UNIX.odt
echo "";
echo "Finish convert process at `date '+%Y%m%d-%H:%M:%S'`";
echo "";
echo "---------------------------------------------------------";
echo "";
exit
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

Tampilan console saat saya menjalankan script terlihat pada gambar di bawah ini :

.

Nah gampang sekarang kalau buru-buru perlu membuka catatan primbon saya ini 🙂 tinggal buka console saja. Misalnya dengan perintah view saya bisa mencari petunjuk yang diperlukan :

Saya senang menggunakan cara ini, prosesnya lebih cepat daripada harus membuka Open Office terlebih dulu. Hmm tapi memang untuk menambah isi catatan saya itu saya tetap harus menggunakan Open Office.

Nah bagaimana Anda menyimpan ilmu, tips, trik Unix Anda? 😀

Alias For Shorten Your Commands

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For lazy Unix user like me, it’s quite nice to have private command which short as a replacement for long command. It can be implement by adding alias to replace some commands that too long to be typed. To make the alias permanently, we must registered it in the profile file. In my Ubuntu Linux, I can do that by edit $HOME/.bashrc file.

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ tail $HOME/.bashrc
....
alias ceklog='tail -100 /var/log/messages'
....
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

After adding that two aliases, I can type ceklog to saving time typing long command 'tail -100 /var/log/messages' Remember : after add item in the .bashrc we must close the current shell first to let the alias works. Look the example below; my alias works like a charm.

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ ceklog
....
....
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19512.722594] usb 1-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 2
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19512.910427] usb 1-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19513.477569] Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.3
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19513.477666] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
Apr 15 14:46:10 tedy-laptop kernel: [19516.500204] usb 1-2: USB disconnect, address 2
Apr 15 14:47:29 tedy-laptop kernel: [19595.184588] sky2 eth0: disabling interface
Apr 15 14:47:29 tedy-laptop kernel: [19595.221700] iwlagn 0000:0c:00.0: PCI INT A disabled
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.563508] sky2 eth0: enabling interface
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.568480] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.575494] iwlagn 0000:0c:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 18 (level, low) -> IRQ 18
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.575836] iwlagn: Radio disabled by HW RF Kill switch
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.583516] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
Apr 15 14:47:36 tedy-laptop kernel: [19602.249848] sky2 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control both
Apr 15 14:47:36 tedy-laptop kernel: [19602.250324] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready

You can see that the alias give me the same output when I execute  tail -100 /var/log/messages :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ tail -100 /var/log/messages
....
....
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19512.722594] usb 1-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 2
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19512.910427] usb 1-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19513.477569] Bluetooth: Generic Bluetooth USB driver ver 0.3
Apr 15 14:46:07 tedy-laptop kernel: [19513.477666] usbcore: registered new interface driver btusb
Apr 15 14:46:10 tedy-laptop kernel: [19516.500204] usb 1-2: USB disconnect, address 2
Apr 15 14:47:29 tedy-laptop kernel: [19595.184588] sky2 eth0: disabling interface
Apr 15 14:47:29 tedy-laptop kernel: [19595.221700] iwlagn 0000:0c:00.0: PCI INT A disabled
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.563508] sky2 eth0: enabling interface
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.568480] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.575494] iwlagn 0000:0c:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 18 (level, low) -> IRQ 18
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.575836] iwlagn: Radio disabled by HW RF Kill switch
Apr 15 14:47:34 tedy-laptop kernel: [19600.583516] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlan0: link is not ready
Apr 15 14:47:36 tedy-laptop kernel: [19602.249848] sky2 eth0: Link is up at 100 Mbps, full duplex, flow control both
Apr 15 14:47:36 tedy-laptop kernel: [19602.250324] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready

To make the alias works for all user in the system, we must register the alias in the /etc/bash.bashrc

root@tedy-laptop:~/bin# vi /etc/bash.bashrc
....
alias ceklog='tail -100 /var/log/messages'
....

Other UNIX/Linux distro maybe have different global profile definition file. Solaris for example, use /etc/profile to store all global profile parameters.

Interupted dd Copy

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About an hour ago, I tried to backup one of several partition on my notebook to my external disk. I chose dd command to do backup. As far as I know, dd command do the backup bit per bit – it copy everything from the low level filesystem. When the backup running, I shuted the computer down by pressing the power button. I did it because my Ubuntu became not responsive (may be because high load)….it was amazed me that Linux can hanging like that – remind me to Windows of course.

After boot, I found a ghost file on my disk. That file supposed to be my backup file, but it didn’t completed yet. I wasn’t able to delete it. See the logs below :

tedy@tedy-laptop:/media/tedy-wd/backup-winc$ ls -ltr
ls: cannot access winc.tar: Input/output error
total 0
-????????? ? ? ? ?                ? winc.tar
tedy@tedy-laptop:/media/tedy-wd/backup-winc$ rm -f winc.tar
rm: cannot remove `winc.tar': Input/output error
tedy@tedy-laptop:/media/tedy-wd/backup-winc$

Then I tried to do fsck on my external disk, but I just realize that fsck cannot be applied on disk that using NTFS partition. Looking good clue on the Internet, I read the article here. Somebody suggested to use ntfsresize to simulate NTFS disk check. And here is the result :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ sudo ntfsresize --no-action --force -s 110G /dev/sdb1
ntfsresize v2.0.0
Device name        : /dev/sdb1
NTFS volume version: 3.1
Cluster size       : 4096 bytes
Current volume size: 250056704512 bytes (250057 MB)
Current device size: 250056705024 bytes (250057 MB)
New volume size    : 109999993344 bytes (110000 MB)
Checking filesystem consistency ...
100.00 percent completed
Accounting clusters ...
Cluster accounting failed at 879939 (0xd6d43): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879940 (0xd6d44): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879941 (0xd6d45): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879942 (0xd6d46): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879943 (0xd6d47): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879944 (0xd6d48): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879945 (0xd6d49): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879946 (0xd6d4a): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879947 (0xd6d4b): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Cluster accounting failed at 879948 (0xd6d4c): extra cluster in $Bitmap
Filesystem check failed! Totally 1012766 cluster accounting mismatches.
ERROR: NTFS is inconsistent. Run chkdsk /f on Windows then reboot it TWICE!
The usage of the /f parameter is very IMPORTANT! No modification was
and will be made to NTFS by this software until it gets repaired.
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

Unfortunately ntfsresize command gave up and suggest me to perform disk check on the Windows machine. So here is the result when I executed chkdsk on Windows XP :

C:\Documents and Settings\Tedy Tirtawidjaja>chkdsk /f E:
 The type of the file system is NTFS.
Volume label is tedy-wd.

CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 3)...
Deleting corrupt file record segment 37330.
File verification completed.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37331.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37332.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37333.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37334.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37335.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37336.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37337.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37338.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37339.
Deleting orphan file record segment 37340.
CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 3)...
Deleting an index entry from index $O of file 25.
Deleting an index entry from index $O of file 25.
Deleting index entry winc.tar in index $I30 of file 37329.
Index verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 3)...
Security descriptor verification completed.
Correcting errors in the uppercase file.
CHKDSK discovered free space marked as allocated in the
master file table (MFT) bitmap.
CHKDSK discovered free space marked as allocated in the volume bitmap.
Windows has made corrections to the file system.

244196000 KB total disk space.
211528444 KB in 35171 files.
9676 KB in 1284 indexes.
0 KB in bad sectors.
114780 KB in use by the system.
65536 KB occupied by the log file.
32543100 KB available on disk.

4096 bytes in each allocation unit.
61049000 total allocation units on disk.
8135775 allocation units available on disk.

C:\Documents and Settings\Tedy Tirtawidjaja>

I did disk check twice, once more after I restarting Windows.

C:\Documents and Settings\Tedy Tirtawidjaja>chkdsk /f E:
 The type of the file system is NTFS.
Volume label is tedy-wd.

CHKDSK is verifying files (stage 1 of 3)...
File verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying indexes (stage 2 of 3)...
Index verification completed.
CHKDSK is verifying security descriptors (stage 3 of 3)...
Security descriptor verification completed.
Windows has checked the file system and found no problems.

 244196000 KB total disk space.
211528444 KB in 35171 files.
9676 KB in 1284 indexes.
0 KB in bad sectors.
114780 KB in use by the system.
65536 KB occupied by the log file.
32543100 KB available on disk.

4096 bytes in each allocation unit.
61049000 total allocation units on disk.
8135775 allocation units available on disk.

C:\Documents and Settings\Tedy Tirtawidjaja>

As you can see, chkdsk did his job perfectly. I removed back my external disk to Ubuntu and everything back to normal now. No more ghost file in my external disk.

tedy@tedy-laptop:/media/TEMP$ ls -ltr backup-winc/
total 0
tedy@tedy-laptop:/media/TEMP$

Valueable lesson for me : don’t ever to try to interupt dd process again. And learn how to write in English better than this post ;))

HSDPA Di Ubuntu (part 3)

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Ini tulisan ketiga saya tentang modem HSDPA (tulisan sebelumnya ada di sini dan di sini). Modem dalam foto di bawah ini milik rekan saya Andi, modem ZTE MF636 yang di-bundle dengan paket broadband internetnya Indosat. Hitung-hitung ini modem HSDPA yang saya coba.

Dapat petunjuk instalasinya dari sini, lebih mudah daripada modem Option yang pernah saya bahas sebelumnya. Langkah-langkah instalasinya seperti berikut ini :

1. Deteksi dulu modemnya dengan perintah lsusb. Modem ZTE ini terdeteksi dengan idVendor 19d2 dan idProduct 0031.

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ lsusb
Bus 007 Device 003: ID 19d2:0031
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 004 Device 002: ID 08ff:2580 AuthenTec, Inc. AES2501 Fingerprint Sensor
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 046d:09b2 Logitech, Inc.
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 15ca:00c3 Textech International Ltd. Mini Optical Mouse
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ lsusb -v

Bus 007 Device 003: ID 19d2:0031
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 0 (Defined at Interface level)
bDeviceSubClass 0
bDeviceProtocol 0
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0x19d2
idProduct 0x0031
bcdDevice 0.00
iManufacturer 2 ZTE, Incorporated
iProduct 1 ZTE CDMA Technologies MSM
iSerial 3 1234567890ABCDEF
bNumConfigurations 1

2. Kita perlu menginstal paket  libusb-dev terlebih dahulu :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~/bin$ sudo apt-get install libusb-dev
[sudo] password for tedy:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libusb-dev is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
tedy@tedy-laptop:~/bin$

3. Untuk membuat Ubuntu mengenali modem ini bukan sebagai USB drive biasa, kita perlu menambahkan rules seperti berikut ini :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ cat /etc/udev/rules.d/65-zte-mf628-modem.rules
ACTION!="add", GOTO="ZTE_End"
#
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", SYSFS{idProduct}=="0031",
SYSFS{idVendor}=="19d2", GOTO="ZTE_Modem"
#
LABEL="ZTE_Modem"
RUN+="/sbin/modprobe usbserial vendor=0x19d2 product=0x0031",
MODE="660", GROUP="dialout"
#
LABEL="ZTE_End"
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

4. Ada file yang perlu kita modifikasi juga yaitu file /usr/share/hal/fdi/information/10freedesktop/10-modem.fdi. Yang harus dimodifikasi adalah baris yang berisi "@info.parent:usb.vendor_id" dan "@info.parent:usb.product_id" Ganti default value yang ada dengan idVendor dan idProduct dengan hasil yang ditampilkan oleh perintah  lsusb.

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ cat /usr/share/hal/fdi/information/10freedesktop/10-modem.fdi | egrep "0031|19d2"
<match key="@info.parent:usb.vendor_id" int="0x19d2">
<match key="@info.parent:usb.product_id" int="0x0031">
tedy@tedy-laptop:~$

5. Reboot komputernya tapi jangan pasangkan modem sampai proses reboot selesai.

6. Setelah reboot, Ubuntu sukses mengenali modem ZTE ini. Saya tinggal membuat koneksi baru dengan Network Manager (yang ada di sisi kanan atas desktop). Langkah-langkahnya persis seperti yang sudah pernah saya tulis di  https://blog.tedytirta.info/2009/03/28/hsdpa-di-ubuntu-part-2/ (lihat bagian setelah langkah ke-10; yang menampilkan gambar-gambar hasil screenshot). Yang perlu diperhatikan mungkin adalah parameter authentifikasinya seperti berikut ini :

username = indosat
password = indosatc
APN = indosat3g

Saat saya coba menggunakan modem ini, saya juga sempat menampilkan output dari sistem lewat file /var/adm/messages seperti berikut ini :

tedy@tedy-laptop:~$ tail -f /var/log/messages
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.4/nm-pppd-plugin.so loaded.
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: pppd 2.4.4 started by root, uid 0
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: Using interface ppp0
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyUSB1
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: CHAP authentication succeeded
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: CHAP authentication succeeded
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: Terminating on signal 15
Mar 31 18:31:26 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: Connection terminated.
Mar 31 18:31:28 tedy-laptop pppd[14811]: Exit.
Mar 31 18:31:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Plugin /usr/lib/pppd/2.4.4/nm-pppd-plugin.so loaded.
Mar 31 18:31:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: pppd 2.4.4 started by root, uid 0
Mar 31 18:31:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Using interface ppp0
Mar 31 18:31:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/ttyUSB1
Mar 31 18:31:35 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: CHAP authentication succeeded
Mar 31 18:31:35 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: CHAP authentication succeeded
Mar 31 18:31:37 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Could not determine remote IP address: defaulting to 10.64.64.64
Mar 31 18:31:37 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: local IP address 10.173.6.216
Mar 31 18:31:37 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: remote IP address 10.64.64.64
Mar 31 18:31:37 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: primary DNS address 124.195.15.100
Mar 31 18:31:37 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: secondary DNS address 124.195.15.98
Mar 31 18:32:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Terminating on signal 15
Mar 31 18:32:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Connect time 1.0 minutes.
Mar 31 18:32:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Sent 15056 bytes, received 160671 bytes.
Mar 31 18:32:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Connection terminated.
Mar 31 18:32:34 tedy-laptop pppd[14824]: Exit.
Mar 31 18:32:47 tedy-laptop kernel: [ 4671.587486] usb 7-1: USB disconnect, address 4
Mar 31 18:32:47 tedy-laptop kernel: [ 4671.588489] generic ttyUSB0: generic converter now disconnected from ttyUSB0
Mar 31 18:32:47 tedy-laptop kernel: [ 4671.588522] usbserial_generic 7-1:1.2: device disconnected
Mar 31 18:32:47 tedy-laptop kernel: [ 4671.591605] generic ttyUSB1: generic converter now disconnected from ttyUSB1
Mar 31 18:32:47 tedy-laptop kernel: [ 4671.591655] usbserial_generic 7-1:1.3: device disconnected

Ketika saya coba berinternet dengan modem ini, koneksinya buruk sekali. Ah tapi mungkin itu karena tangkapan sinyal yang buruk waktu itu. Waktu itu saya coba di kantor, tidak dipinjam untuk dibawa pulang soalnya 😀 Berharap ada yang mau meminjamkan modem HSDPA tipe-tipe lainnya, supaya saya bisa punya pengalaman lain lagi & bisa melanjutkan seri tulisan “HSDPA di Ubuntu” ini :-p